Bone marrow-derived cells can acquire renal stem cells properties and ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion induced acute renal injury

Abstract Background Bone marrow (BM) stem cells have been reported to contribute to tissue repair after tapered-breast-plate kidney injury model.However, there is no direct evidence so far that BM cells can trans-differentiate into renal stem cells.Methods To investigate whether BM stem cells contribute to repopulate the renal stem cell pool, we tr

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Habituation to experimentally induced electrical pain during voluntary-breathing controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim).

Painful peripheral electrical stimulation to acupuncture points was found to cause sensitization if delivered randomly (EStim), but induced habituation if triggered by voluntary breathing (BreEStim).The objective was to systematically compare the effectiveness of BreEStim and EStim and to investigate the possible mechanisms mediating the habituatio

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